Link to download ncert based cbse syllabus for class 12 physics is given at the end of this article. If you also study in class xii and want to download the practical file of physics, then you have come to the right place. In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and. Connections can be made as seen in the circuit diagram by clicking and dragging the mouse from one connecting terminal to the other connecting terminal of the devices to be connected. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current.
Zener diode working with circuit diagram and applications. This was a bad thing before the whole avalanche breakdown, large current. For this reason, they are also referred to as voltageregulator diodes. Physics practical file for class 12 pdf download gkpur. The zener diode working principles and its various applications. The zener diode specially made to have a reverse voltage breakdown at a specific voltage. These conditions destroy normal diodes, but a zener conducts a small amount of current.
The page describes the experiments for determining zener voltage. In the state of reverse biasing the current does not pass through this diode, only small current pass. When the voltage across the terminals is reversed and the potential reaches the zener voltage or knee, the junction will break down and current will flow in the reverse direction a desired characteristic. Adjust the grating for normal incidence method using the spectrometer. Zener diode examples and circuit analysis book pdf by. Electrical characteristics tamb 25 c, unless otherwise specified part number zener voltage range 1 test current reverse leakage dynamic resistance f 1 khz surge current 3 regulator 2. Oct 12, 2016 basic zener regulator analysis procedure step 1 determine the state of the zener diode by removing it from the network and calculating the voltage across the resulting open circuit. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to. Zener diodes when we first talked about practical diodes, it was mentioned that a parameter associated with the diode in the reverse bias region was the breakdown voltage, v br, also known as the peakinverse voltage piv.
Zener diode has the property of behaving like a dc battery in on state i. In the circuit below, we feed the zener diode and a 1k. Explain how normal diodes might be used as crude substitutes for a zener diode in the following circuit. Sep 10, 2016 pn junction and zener diode 12 class project. When the input voltage increases and reaches the zener breakdown voltage, the current through the diode will create a voltage drop across the resistor. Experiment zener diode characteristic curve and break down. Jun 17, 2015 physics investigatory project on zener diode as a voltage regulator 1.
Zener diode based integrated filters, an alternative to traditional emi filter devices by lepkowski and johnson power switching, sudden load changes or a short circuit fault in the power distribution system. Zener diode as a voltage regulator working principles. Zener diode class 12 cbse physics practical youtube. For normal operation of a zener diode, in breakdown region, the current through the diode should be limited by an external circuit. Zener diode is a reverse biased heavily doped semiconductor silicon or germanium pn junction diode, which is operated exclusively in the breakdown region. Mouser is an authorized distributor for many zener diode manufacturers including central semiconductor, diodes inc, microsemi, nexperia, on semiconductor. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break down voltage. Zener diodes acts like normal pn junction diodes under forward biased condition.
Zener diode circuit analysis consider the circuit below. Typically there is also a minimum current required for the operation of the diode. Physics practical class 12 find out more about the cbse physics practical class 12 syllabus and the other experiments that you need to focus on. Zener diode as a voltage regulator zener diode is a silicon semiconductor with a pn junction that is specifically designed to work in the reverse biased condition.
Dec 02, 2016 to draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. In todays tutorial, we will discuss what is the zener diode. Example zener diode circuit analysis blank ku ittc. If the resistors are good, then zener diode is bad. The diode consists of a special, heavily doped pn junction, designed to conduct in the reverse direction when a certain specified voltage is reached. Experiment zener diode characteristic curve and break down voltage 12th cbse. Class 12 physics lab manual work ncert study rankers. Physics lab activity bookclassxiifree practical based mcq.
Here you will easily find the practical file notes of physics. Zener diode has the property of behaving like a dc battery in on state. Zener diode is nothing but a single diode connected in a reverse bias mode and zener diode can be connected in reverse bias positive in a circuit as shown as picture. In on state, the voltage across zener diode remains constant until the voltage across it deops less than vz. Analysis and measurement of a zener diode voltagereference. The symbol of a zener diode is shown in fig for normal operation of a zener diode, in breakdown region, the current through the diode should be limited by an external circuit. Jan 29, 2016 zener diode class 12 cbse physics practical harshita kalsi. When forward biased, it behaves like a normal signal diode, but when the reverse voltage is applied to it, the voltage remains constant for a wide range of currents. Click on the list to get the details of the experiments for lab manual works. The zener diode working principles and its various. A zener diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown region. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and. Virtual physics lab practical package for 12th cbsegseb.
To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. Use the diode equation for that state to solve the circuit equations and find i d and v d 3. To determine the specific resistance of material of wire using a metre bridge. In a dc circuit, zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator or to provide voltage reference. Jan 21, 2014 exp7 to draw characteristics of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. The circuit symbol of zener diode is as shown in the figure. The voltage must be higher than the rated zener voltage of the zener diode.
Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Compare the theoretical and practical values cutin voltage and resistances. Cbse class 12 physics syllabus 201920 is available for download in pdf format. Feb 01, 2018 to study the characteristics of a zener diode, class 12, physics experiment. A zener diode is a diode designed to operate in the breakdown region. They can also be used in other circuits apart from just providing a voltage reference. This article will help to explain the characteristics which make up zener diodes, specifically how the voltage across a zener diode varies with the current flowing through it. What are some common questions asked in viva in the cbse. If the zener diode is shunted across the load rl and the voltage across zener diode is more than the zener voltage vz then zener diode is on on state, and any variation in voltage across the zener diode due to variations either in supply voltage or in load. Coed school kolar road bhoapl department of physics project report investigatoryproject on pn junction and diodes project report submitted by govind patel submitted to mrs ratna hajela registerationno. Refractive index of the material of the given prism where a is the angle of the prism d is the angle of minimum deviation diagrams. Note that the load resistor r l is in parallel with the zener diode, so that the voltage v o across this load resistor is equal to the zener diode voltage v z. A diode can be defined as the fundamental electronic component that allows the flow of electricity in one direction only.
The main use of zener diode lies in the fact that the voltage across a zener diode remains constant for a larger change in current. Also get tips to score maximum marks in cbse 12th physics practicals 2019. Physics practical class 12 all study guide at one place. The relationship is obtained by applying kvl and it is vs vg r im.
Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. But zener breakdown voltage occurs when the reverse bias voltage is greater than a predetermined voltage. The preliminary adjustments for telescope, prism and the collimator are done. Meter bridge determination of specific resistance experiment edunovus online smart practicals duration. The current, izm, of a zener diode is the maximum current that can flow through a zener diode at its rated voltage, vz. Coed school kolar road bhoapl department of physics project report investigatoryproject on pn junction and diodes project report submitted by govind patel submitted to mrs ratna hajela. Cbse practicals for class 12 physics lab manual work list of experiments to be performed for class 12 during practical exams in physics subject. To draw the iv characteristic curves of a pn junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias. The heart of the zener voltagereference is shown in the. Zener diode examples and circuit analysis by alvin issuu.
Dec 14, 2016 cbse practicals for class 12 physics lab manual work list of experiments to be performed for class 12 during practical exams in physics subject. For example, a dc motor can produce a surge voltage because it continues to. Not for examination to find the angle of prism to find the angle of minimum deviation procedure. It contains most of 12th cbsegsebicse standard practicals.
A zener diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re gion. The iv characteristics curve of a zener diode, shown below, is the curve which shows the current. The way science projects are developed in this package is enough to get reallife lab experience in field of software development. The zener regulator is composed of resistor r1 and zener diode cr1 the resistor characteristics are shown in table iv. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse. A zener diode with small reverse breakdown voltage of about 6 volts, i. Zener diodes are simple and useful devices for building voltage regulator circuits, but are times when you may have to improvise in the absence of the proper zener diode. The package contains following virtual physics experiments. Zener diode class 12 cbse physics practical harshita kalsi. This needs to be taken into account if the circuit and equipment in which the zener diode is to be used is subject to temperature change. Zener diodes are in stock with sameday shipping at mouser electronics from industry leading manufacturers. A zener diode is a special type of device designed to operate in the zener breakdown region.
Cbse physics practical class 12 lab manual physics practical class 12 find out more about the cbse physics practical class 12 syllabus and the other experiments that you need to focus on. Zener diode examples and circuit analysis book pdf by alvin. Recipe for solving diode circuits state of diode is unknown before solving the circuit 1. Zener diodes are created to operate optimally when they are reversebiased and, instead of being destroyed, will conduct electricity under conditions where normal a diode s breakdown voltages are reached. By using an led and a zener diode we can create a circuit which gives turns on the led when a voltage exceeds a certain value. It maintains a constant voltage across the device, so it is typically employed as a simple voltage regulator in many circuits. Zener diodes are silicon diodes specifically constructed to operate in what is known as the breakdown region. User may specify either, both, or neither of the at least and no more than values. The list of experiments include the practicals from physics and truly based ncert physics laboratory manual books. A zener diode is a heavily doped silicon crystal diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode. Uses of zener diode and its practical application in real life.
Physics investigatory project on zener diode as a voltage. Zener diodes or voltage reference diodes are used in a variety of circuits to enable them to provide a voltage reference. V z zener voltage v z is the reverse voltage at which breakdown occurs in a zener diode. A zener diode is a silicon semiconductor device that permits current to flow in either a forward or reverse direction. Understand zener diode datasheet specifications electronics. The schematic symbol for a zener diode is shown above it is very similar to that of a regular diode, but with bent edges on the bar. When measuring the voltage across the zener diode, it must measure a voltage near its rated zener voltage. Zener diode breakdown voltages can range from 2 to 200 v. It also permits the current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage. To draw the iv characteristic curve of the given zener diode in reverse bias.
As a rough rule of thumb, this can be around 5 to 10 ma for a typical leaded 400 mw device. Power is calculated by multiplying current by voltage pie, so we can calculate power dissipations for both the resistor and the zener diode quite easily. The zener voltage is an essential parameter for choosing a zener diode for. Assuming the number of lines per unit metre of the grating, determine the wavelength of green, blue and yellow lines of mercury spectrum. Zener diode temperature characteristic it can be seen in the example given that there is a noticeable difference between the specification for the zener diode reverse voltage at 0c and 50c. Cbse physics practical class 12 lab manual learn cbse. Zener diode symbol zener diode circuit zener diode vi characteristics zener diode working zener diode applications faqs. How the energy gap changes with i doping ii temperature.
Physics lab activity bookclassxiifree practical based. Pn junction diode characteristics experiment edunovus online smart practicals duration. What are some common questions asked in viva in the cbse 12. To see the circuit diagram, click on the showhide circuit diagram check box seen inside the simulator window.
The zener diode has a welldefined reversebreakdown voltage, at which it. Refractive index of the material of the given prism 1. How to test a zener diode learning about electronics. To make a practical file of any subject, we first have to search all the topics on the internet and book and it takes a lot of hard work and time to create a. A zener diode is a type of diode that allows current to flow in the conventional manner from its anode to its cathode i. The only way to tell which device has failed is to remove the resistors and check them with an ohmmeter. There are many circuits that use zener diodes, ranging from very simple zener diode circuits, up to far more complicated ones.
When forward biased voltage is applied to the zener diode it allows large amount of electric current and blocks only a. Exp7 to draw characteristics of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. To study the characteristics of commonemitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the values of current and voltage gains. Read on to know the key preparation tips to excel in your cbse class 12 physics practical exams. Why is meterbridge reading used to get values at the middle of the bridge. The maximum voltage rating specifies how much reverse voltage a diode can withstand before breakdown occurs. V z0 is the voltage at which the straightline approximation of the iv characteristic intersects the horizontal axis. The zener still conducts electricity in the forward direction like any other diode, but also conducts in the reverse direction, if the voltage applied is reversed and larger than the zener breakdown voltage. Write down all circuit equations and simplify as much as possible 2. Basic zener regulator analysis procedure step 1 determine the state of the zener diode by removing it from the network and calculating the voltage across the resulting open circuit. Zener diode is a reverse biased heavily doped semiconductor silicon or germanium pn junction diode, which is operated exclusively in the breakdown region the symbol of a zener diode is shown in fig. Breakdown voltage is also known as zener knee voltage. Feb 29, 2020 cbse class 12 physics syllabus 201920 is available for download in pdf format.
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